These water standards are the standards of choice to monitor the performance of Karl Fischer instrumentation, determine the titer of volumetric Karl Fischer reagents, and verify final water content results. These ampoulized liquid standards are directly traceable to NIST and are manufactured under strict control using validated procedures. Water standards 1% and 0.1% are recommended for use in volumetric applications, while the water standards 0.1% and 0.01% are recommended for coulometric applications.